伟大,靠的是胸怀。
Thursday, March 29, 2007
Wednesday, March 28, 2007
货殖列传
《广雅》云 :“殖,立也 。”
孔安国注《尚书》云:“殖,生也。生、资、货、财、利 。”
老子曰 :“至治之极,邻国相望,①鸡狗之声相闻,民各甘其食,美其服,安其俗,乐其业,至老死不相往来 。”必用此为务,挽近世涂民耳目,②则几无行矣。
注①正义音亡。
注②索隐挽音晚,古字通用。
太史公曰:夫神农以前,吾不知已。至若诗书所述虞(yú,中国周代诸侯国名,在今山西省平陆县东北。)夏以来,耳目欲极声色之好,口欲穷刍(chú)豢(huàn)之味,身安逸乐,而心夸矜埶能之荣使。俗之渐民久矣,虽户说以眇(miào)论,终不能化。故善者因之,其次利道之,其次教诲之,其次整齐之,最下者与之争。
夫山西饶材﹑竹﹑谷﹑纑(lú)﹑①旄(máo)﹑玉石;山东多鱼﹑盐﹑漆﹑丝﹑声色;江南出錻(bū)﹑梓(zǐ )﹑②姜﹑桂﹑金﹑锡﹑连﹑③丹沙﹑犀﹑檋瑁﹑珠玑﹑齿革;龙门﹑碣石④北多马﹑牛﹑羊﹑旃裘﹑筋角;铜﹑铁则千里往往山出澙置:⑤此其大较⑥也。皆中国人民所喜好,谣俗被服饮食奉生送死之具也。故待农而食之,虞而出之,工而成之,商而通之。此宁有政教发征期会哉?人各任其能,竭其力,以得所欲。故物贱之征贵,⑦贵之征贱,各劝其业,乐其事,若水之趋下,日夜无休时,不召而自来,不求而民出之。岂非道之所符,⑧而自然之验邪?
注①麻线:“彼身织屡,妻辟~。”
注②索隐南子二音。
注③集解徐广曰 :“音莲,铅之未炼者 。”索隐下音莲。
注④正义龙门山在绛州龙门县。碣石山在平州卢龙县。
注⑤索隐言如置澙子,往往有之。正义言出铜铁之山方千里,如围澙之置也。管子云 :“凡天下名山五千二百七十,出铜之山四百六十七,出铁之山三千六百有九。山上有赭,其下有铁。山上有铅,其下有银。山上有银,其下有丹。山上有磁石,其下有金也。”
注⑥索隐音角。大较犹大略也。
注⑦索隐征者,求也。谓此处物贱,求彼贵卖之。
注⑧索隐道之符。符谓合于道也。
《周书》曰 :“农不出则乏其食,工不出则乏其事,商不出则三宝绝,虞不出则财匮少 。”财匮少而山泽不辟①矣。此四者,民所衣食之原也。原大则饶,原小则鲜。上则富国,下则富家。贫富之道,莫之夺予,②而巧者有余,拙者不足。故太公望封于营丘,地舄卤,③人民寡,于是太公劝其女功,极技巧,通鱼盐,则人物归之,襁至而辐凑。故齐冠带衣履天下,海岱之闲敛袂而往朝焉。④其后齐中衰,管子修之,设轻重九府,⑤则桓公以霸,九合诸侯,一匡天下;而管氏亦有三归,位在陪臣,富于列国之君。是以齐富强至于威﹑宣也。
注①索隐下音辟。辟,开也,通也。
注②索隐音与。言贫富自由,无予夺。
注③集解徐广曰 :“舄音昔。舄卤,咸地也 。”
注④索隐言齐既富饶,能冠带天下,丰厚被于他邦,故海岱之闲敛囏而朝齐,言趋利者也。
注⑤正义管子云“轻重“谓钱也。夫治民有轻重之法,周有大府﹑玉府﹑内府﹑外府﹑泉府﹑天府﹑职内﹑职金﹑职币,皆掌财币之官,故云九府也。
故曰 :“仓廪实而知礼节,衣食足而知荣辱 。”礼生于有而废于无。故君子富,好行其德;小人富,以适其力。渊深而鱼生之,山深而兽往之,人富而仁义附焉。富者得埶益彰,失埶则客无所之,以而不乐。夷狄益甚。谚曰 :“千金之子,不死于市 。”此非空言也。故曰 :“天下熙熙,皆为利来;天下壤壤,皆为利往 。”夫千乘之王,万家之侯,百室之君,尚犹患贫,而况匹夫编户之民乎!
昔者越王句践困于会稽之上,乃用范蠡﹑计然。①计然曰:“知斗则修备 ,时用则知物 ,②二者形则万货之情可得而观已。故岁在金,穰;水,毁;木,饥;火,旱。③旱则资舟,水则资车,④物之理也。六岁穰,六岁旱,十二岁一大饥。夫粜,二十病农,九十病末。⑤末病则财不出,农病则草不辟矣。上不过八十,下不减三十,则农末俱利,平粜齐物,关市不乏,治国之道也。积着⑥之理,务完物,无息币。⑦以物相贸易,腐败而食之货勿留,无敢居贵。论其有余不足,则知贵贱。贵上极则反贱,贱下极则反贵。贵出如粪土,贱取如珠玉。⑧财币欲其行如流水 。”修之十年,国富,厚赂战士,士赴矢石,如渴得饮,遂报强吴,观兵中国,称号“五霸 ”。
注①集解徐广曰 :“计然者,范蠡之师也,名研,故谚曰‘研﹑桑心筭’ 。”
骃案:范子曰“计然者,葵丘濮上人,姓辛氏,字文子,其先晋国亡公子也。
尝南游于越,范蠡师事之 。”索隐计然,韦昭云范蠡师也。蔡谟云蠡所著书名“计然 ”,盖非也。徐广亦以为范蠡之师,名研,所谓“研﹑桑心计“也。范子曰“计然者,葵丘濮上人,姓辛氏,字文,其先晋之公子。南游越,范蠡事之 ”。吴越春秋谓之“计倪 ”。汉书古今人表计然列在第四,则“倪”之与“研”是一人,声相近而相乱耳。
注②索隐时用知物。案:言知时所用之物。
注③索隐五行不说土者,土,穰也。
注④索隐国语大夫种曰“贾人旱资舟,水资车以待“也。
注⑤索隐言米贱则农夫病也。若米斗直九十,则商贾病,故云“病末 ”。末谓逐末,即商贾也。
注⑥索隐音张吕反。
注⑦索隐毋息弊。久停息货物则无利。
注⑧索隐夫物极贵必贱,极贱必贵。贵出如粪土者,既极贵后,恐其必贱,故乘时出之如粪土。贱取如珠玉者,既极贱后,恐其必贵,故乘时取之如珠玉。
此所以为货殖也。元注恐错。
范蠡既雪会稽之耻,乃喟然而叹曰 :“计然之策七,越用其五而得意。既已施于国,吾欲用之家 。”乃乘扁舟①浮于江湖,②变名易姓,适齐为鸱夷子皮,③之陶④为朱公。朱公以为陶天下之中,诸侯四通,货物所交易也。乃治产积居。与时逐⑤而不责于人。⑥故善治生者,能择人而任时。十九年之中三致千金,再分散与贫交疏昆弟。此所谓富好行其德者也。后年衰老而听子孙,子孙修业而息之,遂至巨万。⑦故言富者皆称陶朱公。
注①集解汉书音义曰 :“特舟也 。”索隐扁音篇,又音符殄反。服虔云 :“特舟也 。”国语云 :“范蠡乘轻舟 。”
注②正义国语云句践灭吴,反至五湖,范蠡辞于王曰:“君王勉之 ,臣不复入国矣 。”遂乘轻舟 ,以浮于五湖,莫知其所终极。
注③索隐大颜曰 :“若盛酒者鸱夷也,用之则多所容纳,不用则可卷而怀之,不忤于物也 。”案:韩子云“鸱夷子皮事田成子,成子去齐之燕,子皮乃从之“也。盖范蠡也。
注④索隐服虔云 :“今定陶也 。”正义括地志云 :“即陶山,在齐州平(阳)[陵]县东三十五里陶山之阳也。今南五里犹有朱公頉。”又云:“曹州济阳县东南三里有陶朱公頉,又云在南郡华容县西,未详也 。”
注⑤集解汉书音义曰 :“逐时而居货。”索隐韦昭云:“随时逐利也 。”
注⑥索隐案:谓择人而与人不负之,故云不责于人也。
注⑦集解徐广曰 :“万万也 。”
子赣既学于仲尼,退而仕于卫,废着①鬻财于曹﹑鲁之闲,七十子之徒,赐最为饶益。原宪不厌糟嗳,②匿于穷巷。子贡结驷连骑,束帛之币以聘享诸侯,所至,国君无不分庭与之抗礼。夫使孔子名布扬于天下者,子贡先后之也。此所谓得埶而益彰者乎?
注①集解徐广曰 :“子赣传云‘废居’。着犹居也 。着读音如贮 。”索隐着音贮。汉书亦作“贮 ”,贮犹居也。说文云:“贮,积也。”
注②索隐餍,饱也。
白圭,周人也。当魏文侯时,李克①务尽地力,而白圭乐观时变,故人弃我取,人取我与。夫岁孰取谷,予之丝漆;茧出取帛絮,予之食。②太阴在卯,穰;③明岁衰恶。至午,旱;明岁美。至酉,穰;明岁衰恶。至子,大旱;明岁美,有水。至卯,积着率④岁倍。欲长钱,取下谷;长石斗,取上种。能薄饮食,忍嗜欲,节衣服,与用事僮仆同苦乐,趋时若猛兽挚鸟之发。故曰 :“吾治生产,犹伊尹﹑吕尚之谋,孙吴用兵,商鞅行法是也。是故其智不足与权变,勇不足以决断,仁不能以取予,强不能有所守,虽欲学吾术,终不告之矣 。”盖天下言治生祖白圭。白圭其有所试矣,能试有所长,非苟而已也。
注①索隐案:汉书食货志李悝为魏文侯作尽地力之教,国以富强。今此及汉书言“克”,皆误也。刘向别录则云“李悝”也。
注②索隐谓谷。
注③正义太阴,岁后二辰为太阴。
注④正义贮律二音。
猗顿用盬盐起。①而邯郸郭纵以铁冶成业,与王者埒富。
注①集解孔丛子曰 :“猗顿,鲁之穷士也。耕则常饥,桑则常寒。闻朱公富,往而问术焉。朱公告之曰 :‘子欲速富,当畜五牸 。’于是乃适西河,大畜牛羊于猗氏之南,十年之闲其息不可计,赀拟王公,驰名天下。以兴富于猗氏,故曰猗顿。”索隐盬音古 。案 :周礼盐人云“共苦盐 ”,杜子春以为苦读如盬。盬谓出盐直用不炼也。一说云盬盐,河东大盐;散盐,东海煮水为盐也。正义案:猗氏,蒲州县也。河东盐池是畦盐。作“畦 ”,若种韭一畦。天雨下,池中咸淡得均,即畎池中水上畔中,深一尺许(侫)[坑],日暴之五六日则成,盐若白矾石 ,大小如双陆及(暮)[澙],则呼为畦盐。或有花盐,缘黄河盐池有八九所 ,而盐州有乌池,犹出三色盐,有井盐﹑畦盐﹑花盐。其池中凿井深一二尺,去泥即到盐,掘取若至一丈,则着平石无盐矣。
其色或白或青黑,名曰井盐。畦盐若河东者。花盐,池中雨下,随而大小成盐,其下方微空,上头随雨下池中,其滴高起若塔子形处曰花盐,亦曰即成盐焉。
池中心有泉井,水淡,所作池人马尽汲此井。其盐四分入官,一分入百姓也。
池中又凿得盐块,阔一尺余,高二尺,白色光明洞彻,年贡之也。
乌氏倮①畜牧,及觽,②斥卖,求奇缯物,③闲献遗戎王。④戎王什倍其偿,与之畜,⑤畜至用谷量马牛。⑥秦始皇帝令倮比封君,以时与列臣朝请。而巴(蜀)寡妇清,⑦其先得丹穴,⑧而擅其利数世,家亦不訾。
⑨清,寡妇也,能守其业,用财自卫,不见侵犯。秦皇帝以为贞妇而客之,为筑女怀清台。夫倮鄙人牧长,清穷乡寡妇,礼抗万乘,名显天下,岂非以富邪?
注①集解韦昭曰 :“乌氏,县名,属安定。倮,名也 。”索隐汉书作“臝 ”。
案:乌氏,县名。氏音支。名倮,音踝也。正义县,古城在泾州安定县东四十里。倮,名也。
注②索隐谓畜牧及至觽多之时。
注③索隐谓斥物卖之以求奇物也。
注④集解徐广曰:“闲,一作‘奸’。不以公正谓之奸也,”索隐案:闲献犹私献也。
注⑤索隐什倍其当,予之畜 。谓戎王偿之牛羊十倍也。”当“字汉书作“偿”也。
注⑥集解韦昭曰 :“满谷则具不复数 。”索隐谷音欲 。
注⑦索隐汉书“巴寡妇清 ”。巴,寡妇之邑;清,其名也。
注⑧集解徐广曰 :“涪陵出丹 。”正义括地志云 :“寡妇清台山俗名贞女山,在涪州永安县东北七十里也 。”
注⑨索隐案:谓其多,不可訾量。正义音子儿反。言资财觽多,不可訾量。
Friday, March 23, 2007
Thursday, March 22, 2007
The World Turned Upside Down
ABOUT THE LECTURE:
The world isn’t so much flat as gravely tilting, “and may be on the way to some kind of self-destruction,” believes Clyde Prestowitz, Jr. We’re due for a major rebalancing of global economic might, which the U.S. may well experience as catastrophic change. There are historic cycles, he tells us. As recently as 1850, China was the world’s largest economy, but by 1950, the U.S. and Europe had come to dominate the scene. Once again “the hinge of history is taking a big turn.” China and India are fast overtaking Western nations in economic growth, driven by the digital revolution: “Half the world has come onto the capitalist road …at the moment when the road becomes a freeway,” says Prestowitz.
The implications are staggering. While millions may rise from poverty, the possibility that these new economies develop along the lines of the American consumer model means increased competition for global natural resources, such as water and oil, and a drastic rise in global warming.
In the meantime, says Prestowitz, Americans “are having a party.” This nation is the world’s only net consumer, while everyone else is a net seller. We assume the dollar holds universal sway, since all international commodities, from coffee to airplanes to semiconductors, are priced in dollars. So we run huge trade deficits, and live above our means, while we “outsource the management of the value of the dollar to Asia.” This is unsustainable, Prestowitz warns. The central banks of China and Japan, which each hold a trillion dollars, “have become increasingly nervous” about the value of the money the U.S. prints, and may start to “dump dollars” in exchange for gold and other commodities.
Prestowitz says the U.S. still has “the best hand of cards” but is playing them as badly as possible. We must balance the federal budget deficit right away, through tax increases; prepare for a drastically devalued dollar; and strive for global agreements where Asian nations agree to spend more, and the U.S. agrees to save more.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER:
At ESI, Clyde Prestowitz has played key roles in achieving congressional passage of NAFTA and in shaping the final content of the Uruguay Round, as well as providing the intellectual basis for current U.S. trade policies toward Japan, China, and Korea.
Prior to founding ESI, Prestowitz served as counselor to the Secretary of Commerce in the Reagan Administration. He also served as vice chairman of the President's Committee on Trade and Investment in the Pacific and sits on the Intel Policy Advisory Board and the U.S. Export-Import Bank Advisory Board.
Prestowitz regularly writes for leading publications, including The New York Times, The Washington Post, and Foreign Affairs. He is the author of the best-selling book on U.S.-Japan relations, Trading Places, and co-author and editor of several other books on international trade and business strategy. His latest book is Three Billion New Capitalists: The Great Shift of Wealth and Power to the East.
Prestowitz holds a B.A. with honors from Swarthmore College; an M.A. in East-West Policies and Economics from the East-West Center of the University of Hawaii; and an M.B.A. from the Wharton Graduate School of Business. He is fluent in Japanese, Dutch, German, and French.
Prestowitz's profile on the Economic Strategy Institute website
NOTES ON THE VIDEO (Time Index):
Video length is 1:30:49.
Joseph Sussman, JR East Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Engineering Systems, introduces the Miller lecture and Daniel Roos, Professor of Engineering Systems and Civil and Environmental Engineering.
At 6:06, Roos introduces Prestowitz.
At 12:22, Prestowitz begins.
At 1:16:32, Roos invites questions from the audience.
At 1:30:05, Roos thanks Prestowitz, presents him with gifts, and concludes the lecture.
The information on this page was accurate as of the day the video was added to MIT World. This video was added to MIT World on 2006-06-02.
Single User Mode without Sun Keyboard
There
are are a few options to get into Single User Mode on a Sun Solaris
system when you do not have a Sun Keyboard. Below are a few
suggestions on how to accomplish this task.
Step 1: Open a terminal session to the Sun Solaris system using a PC comm port and Hyperterminal (9660,8,None,1).
Step 2: Login as root.
Step
3: Type 'reboot [option] -- -s'. This will reboot the Solaris system
and execute the 'boot -s' option.
Alternatively, you could also type
'init 0'.
This will bring you to an 'ok' prompt. At the 'ok' prompt,
type
'boot -s'.
Either command should bring you into single user
mode. The second option does not initiate a system reboot.
中国出现“反消费主义者”
2007年2月2日 星期五
一些反消费主义者说,将生活的色彩变成黑白,那些关于生活本身的意义才能一点点浮现出来。比如关爱周围的人,比如工作之余投入自己的爱好——读书或写诗,比如花几个月时间去边疆支教。大品牌并没有教会人们这些。在大品牌营造的幻梦世界里,这些反消费主义者觉得离开自身越来越远,远到已经听不见自己的心跳了。
show mpls forwarding-table
The Local tag field displays the label assigned by this switch router.
The Outgoing tag or VC field displays the label assigned by the next hop, or VPI/VCI used to get to the next hop.
- [T]—Means forwarding through a TSP tunnel.
- Untagged—Means there is no label for the destination from the next hop, or label switching is not enabled on the outgoing interface.
- Pop tag—Means that the next hop advertised an implicit NULL label for the destination, and that this router deleted the top label from the stack.
- Aggregate—Means directly connected VRF routes.
Step 2 Check the Prefix or Tunnel Id field. It should displays the address (Loopback 0 interface IP address) or tunnel to which packets with this label are going. If it does not, check the interface configuration.
The Bytes tag switched field displays the number of bytes switched with this incoming label.
Step 3 Check the Outgoing interface field. It should display the correct interface configured to the next hop on either side of the switch router.
Step 4 Check the Next Hop field. It should display the correct IP address to the next hop interface.
Tuesday, March 20, 2007
《如何改变世界》-社会企业家
作者: (美)伯恩斯坦
商业企业家以经济而言意味着什么,社会企业家对社会变革就意味着什么。
戴维·伯恩斯坦写道:
“他们是那些为理想驱动、有创造力的个体,他们质疑现状、开拓新机遇、拒绝放弃,最后要重建一个更好的世界。”
Monday, March 19, 2007
胡锦涛签署主席令公布物权法企业所得税法
经济观察网讯 中华人民共和国主席胡锦涛16日签署第62号、第63号主席令,公布了物权法、企业所得税法两部法律。物权法自2007年10月1日起施行,企业所得税法自2008年1月1日起施行。
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Wednesday, March 14, 2007
service timestamps
IOS (tm) C2600 Software (C2600-JS-M), Version 12.2(5d), RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)
frame-14#sh log
5d05h: %BGP-5-ADJCHANGE: neighbor 2.2.2.11 Down Peer closed the session
5d05h: %BGP-5-ADJCHANGE: neighbor 2.2.2.11 Up
How do I get the sh log to show the time and not the days?
A:
service timestamps log datetime
make sure you have set the time and timezone information also
